Combatting Bullying in Youth Hockey: A Coach’s Guide

While hockey fosters teamwork, discipline, and perseverance, its competitive and physical nature creates an environment where bullying occurs frequently and is often ignored or overlooked. This issue can negatively impact players’ confidence, enjoyment of the game, overall team morale and also how the team plays!

Studies and reports highlight the prevalence of bullying in youth sports. A 2021 survey by Angus Reid found that 64% of Canadians believe bullying in hockey remains a significant concern. Organizations such as USA Hockey and Hockey Canada have tried to take steps to address these issues through policies like USA Hockey’s Safe Sport Program and Hockey Canada’s Maltreatment, Bullying, and Harassment Prevention Policy. However, enforcing these policies effectively requires dedicated action from coaches, parents, and organizations.

In my experience, the enforcement of the policies rarely occurs, with most hand-waving it off with comments such as "boys will be boys," "they are just upset," or "they are just teenagers." The thing is, it's not okay—there is no excuse for it, and it is a direct result of not taking a stance or doing something about it. I have routinely seen players who abuse others get on teams repeatedly, even though they are known to be a problem. Reporting of incidents often lead to players being blackballed by an organization, forcing them to find a new team. I have also seen kids quit teams and hockey altogether due to these repeated incidents that are ignored by others.

Ways Coaches Can Combat Bullying

Implement Locker Room Monitoring

Locker rooms can be a breeding ground for bullying if left unsupervised. USA Hockey and Hockey Canada have recognized this by requiring locker room monitors for all practices and games. It is essential to take this responsibility seriously rather than treating it as a formality. Assign responsible adults to supervise the locker room to prevent any bullying, hazing, or inappropriate behavior. Additionally, limiting locker room time to 20 minutes before and after coach talks can reduce opportunities for negative interactions and create a more structured environment.

Monitor Warmups Before Games

Warmup sessions set the tone for the game and should be monitored closely by coaches. Being present during warmups helps ensure a positive and focused atmosphere, reinforcing team unity while preventing exclusionary or negative behavior. Encouraging players to engage in other structured pre-game routines rather than unsupervised activities can reduce conflicts and maintain a sense of discipline before taking the ice.

Set Clear Expectations

Establishing clear expectations from the start of the season is crucial in preventing bullying. Educate players and parents on what constitutes bullying, including verbal, physical, and emotional behaviors. Make sure everyone understands that there is a strict zero-tolerance policy, both on and off the ice. Additionally, emphasize the importance of teamwork over individual achievements, making it clear that every goal scored or conceded is a collective effort rather than the result of one player’s actions.

Foster a Positive Team Culture

Reinforce often during the season that respect for teammates, coaches, parents, opponents, and officials is non-negotiable. Recognizing and celebrating teamwork, rather than just individual performance, prevents the perception of a hierarchy where some players are valued more than others. Avoid favoritism or perceived favoritism, such as shortening the bench or giving special treatment to certain players. Be mindful of language and actions, as even subtle comments can contribute to a toxic environment. Encouraging team bonding through off-ice activities, such as an introductory session before the first practice, can help new players integrate and feel welcome.

Establish Open Lines of Communication

A team environment where players feel comfortable reporting concerns without fear of retaliation is essential for addressing bullying. Regular check-ins with players can help assess team dynamics and ensure issues are identified early. Something as simple as asking players how things are going can make a difference. Encourage parents to communicate immediately if they notice signs of bullying, and assure them there will be no repercussions for doing so.

Address Issues Immediately and Fairly

Ignoring or delaying action on bullying incidents only allows the problem to escalate. If an incident occurs, address it immediately, particularly if it was witnessed by multiple teammates. Calling out and denouncing inappropriate behavior in front of the group reinforces that such actions are unacceptable in hockey, just make sure you don't single people out and instead talk to them all equally. Investigate all reports seriously and impartially, ensuring fair treatment for all involved. Implement appropriate consequences, such as missing ice time, extra conditioning, or team duties (e.g., filling water bottles or carrying equipment), while focusing on education and rehabilitation. Removing a player from the team should always be a last resort.

Creating a Culture of Respect

As a coach, you have the power to shape not only skilled athletes but also strong, respectful individuals. Your commitment to setting clear expectations, addressing issues proactively, and reinforcing the values of teamwork ensures that players develop both on and off the ice. Doing these things will create a much stronger and better team—one that thrives on unity and shared success rather than individual achievements.

Citations:

• Angus Reid Institute. (2021). Bullying in Canadian Hockey: Public Perceptions and Experiences.
• USA Hockey. Safe Sport Program
• Hockey Canada Safety Programs